Defects in lumber

Defects occurring in Timber are grouped into the following five divisions:

Defects due to conversion

During the process of converting timber to commercial form, the following defects may occur:

• Chip mark
• Diagonal grain
• Torn grain
• Wane

Defects due to fungi

Fungi attacks timber when these conditions are all present:

• The timber moisture content is above 20%
• The environment is warm enough
• There is air

Wood with less than 20% moisture remains free of fungi for centuries. Similarly, wood submerged in water will not be attacked by fungi because of absence of air. Fungi timber defects:

• Blue stain
• Brown rot
• Dry rot
• Heart rot
• Sap stain
• Wet rot
• White rot

Defects due to insects

Following are the insects which are usually responsible for the decay of timber:

• Beetles
• Marine Borers
• Termites
• Red Ants

Defects due to natural forces

• The main natural forces responsible for causing defects in timber are two, namely, abnormal growth and rupture of tissues.

Defects due to seasoning

• Defects due to seasoning are the number one cause for splinters and slivers.

 

Source: Wikipedia

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