Defects occurring in Timber are grouped into the following five divisions:
Defects due to conversion
During the process of converting timber to commercial form, the following defects may occur:
- Chip mark
- Diagonal grain
- Torn grain
- Wane
Defects due to fungi
Fungi attacks timber when these conditions are all present:
- The timber moisture content is above 20%
- The environment is warm enough
- There is air
Wood with less than 20% moisture remains free of fungi for centuries. Similarly, wood submerged in water will not be attacked by fungi because of absence of air. Fungi timber defects:
- Blue stain
- Brown rot
- Dry rot
- Heart rot
- Sap stain
- Wet rot
- White rot
Defects due to insects
Following are the insects which are usually responsible for the decay of timber:
- Beetles
- Marine Borers
- Termites
- Red Ants
Defects due to natural forces
- The main natural forces responsible for causing defects in timber are two, namely, abnormal growth and rupture of tissues.
Defects due to seasoning
- Defects due to seasoning are the number one cause for splinters and slivers.
Source: Wikipedia
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